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List of political conspiracies
In a political sense, conspiracy refers to a group of people united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power. Typically, the final goal is to gain power through a revolutionary coup d'état or through assassination.
A conspiracy is to be contrasted with a cabal. The two are similar but have quite different connotations; in contrast to a cabal, a conspiracy usually looks to overthrow a fixed power instead of usurping it from within.
==Notable political conspiracies==
* 1st century BCE - Catiline conspiracies〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/conspiracyofcatiline/ss/63-62-B-C-Cato-Cicero-And-The-Conspiracy-Of-Catiline.htm )〕
* 44 BCE - Liberatores plot assassination of Julius Caesar to restore Roman Republic〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/caesar2.htm )〕
* 65 CE - Pisonian conspiracy〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nazoreans.com/pisonian_conspiracy.html )〕
* Late 15th century (1478) Pazzi conspiracy, which included the Pope〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.palazzo-medici.it/mediateca/en/Scheda_Congiura_dei_Pazzi )〕
* 1506 - Conspiracy against the life of the brothers Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara and Cardinal Ippolito d'Este, coordinated by their half brother Giulio d'Este and full brother Ferrante d'Este〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mmdtkw.org/VLucretiad'Este.html )〕
* 1570 - Ridolfi plot against Elizabeth I of England〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.elizabethfiles.com/plots-against-elizabeth-i/3509/ )〕
* 1583 - Throckmorton Plot to murder Elizabeth and replace her with her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/eliz4.html )〕
* 1586 - Babington Plot, second major plot against Elizabeth, that led most directly to execution of Mary, Queen of Scots〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.history-magazine.com/babington.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/babington.htm )〕
* 1603 - Main Plot to remove James I of England and enthrone Arbella Stuart
:— Bye Plot, leads to the execution of Sir George Brooke〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.alienscientist.com/conspiracy.html )〕
* 1605 - Gunpowder Plot to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament as prelude to a popular revolt in the Midlands, during which James's nine-year-old daughter, Princess Elizabeth, was to be installed as the Catholic head of state; often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot; origin of Guy Fawkes Day〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/gunpowder_plot_of_1605.htm )〕
* 1749 - Conspiracy of the Slaves by Muslim slaves to kill Grand Master Manuel Pinto da Fonseca and take over Malta with the help of the Barbary states.
* 1788 - Anjala conspiracy〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.spottinghistory.com/view/181/anjala-manor/ )〕
* 1865 - Abraham Lincoln assassination plot, to include assassination of cabinet members〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/lincoln.htm )〕
* 1898 - The Dreyfus Affair, a coordinated attempt to falsely accuse Alfred Dreyfus of treason〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?emile-zola-dreyfus-affair )〕
* 1903 - ''The Protocols of the Elders of Zion'', presented as authentic text by the Tsar's secret police efforts to foment anti-Semitism〔
〕
* 1914 - The Black Hand, a secret society controlled by Serbian Military Intelligence, coordinates the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, thus causing World War I.
* 1932 to 1972 - Tuskegee syphilis experiment, to study natural progression of untreated syphilis in black men who thought they were receiving free health care〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/badblood/report/ )〕
* 1936 to 1950 - Presumed General Motors streetcar conspiracy〔Hodapp, Christopher L. and VonKannon, Alice, ''Conspiracy Theories & Secret Societies For Dummies,'' Wiley, 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-18408-0, p. 334〕
*1938 - Presumed Hitler Youth Conspiracy, NKVD case in Moscow involving some 70 arrests and 40 executions of teenagers and adults, later found to be baseless〔Hans Schafranek, Natalia Musienko, ("The Fictitious 'Hiter-Jugend' of the Moscow NKVD" ) in: Barry McLoughlin, Kevin McDermott (Eds.), ''Stalin's Terror: High Politics and Mass Repression in the Soviet Union''. Palgrave MacMillan (2003), p. 208ff. ISBN 1-4039-0119-8. Retrieved November 24, 2011〕
* 1939 - Operation Himmler and its Gleiwitz incident, "False Flag" terrorism by Nazi Germany as pretext for invasion of Poland
:— Shelling of Mainila, "False Flag" terrorism by USSR as pretext for Winter War〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://911review.com/precedent/century/himmler.html )〕
* 1943 - Bomb on Hitler's aircraft, an attempt on Adolf Hitler〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://valkyrie-plot.com/1943.html )〕
* 1944 - July 20 Plot, attempt to assassinate Hitler with suitcase bomb, and then use Operation Valkyrie to grab power〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.historyinanhour.com/2010/07/20/the-20-july-bomb-plot-summary/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/july_bomb_plot.htm )〕
* 1942 - Wannsee Conference, related to Final Solution of 3rd Reich Nazis〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005477 )〕
* 1953 - 1953 Iranian coup d'état Anglo-American conspiracy under the names of 'Operation Ajax' (CIA ) and 'Operation Boot' (MI6)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.coldwar.org/articles/50s/OperationAjax.asp )〕
* 1954 - Lavon affair Operation Susannah, "False Flag" terrorism by Mossad〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/lavon.html )〕
* 1968 - The Markovic affair, French Secret Service Gaullist plot destabilise future president Georges Pompidou〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/justice/pompidou-dans-la-tourmente_476094.html )〕
* 1969 to 1972 Secret war in Laos, and Operation Menu in Cambodia, concealed from Congressional oversight〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1969.html )〕
* 1972 - Watergate scandal, burglary and cover-up scandals〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://uspolitics.about.com/od/presidenc1/a/what_watergate.htm )〕
* 1982 Brighton Bombings〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/northern_ireland/history/68779.stm )〕
* 1982 - Fighting Solidarity〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sw.org.pl/wizytowka-en.html )〕
* 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/a-strange-but-true-tale-of-voter-fraud-and-bioterrorism/372445/ )〕
* 1987 - Iran-Contra Affair〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/iran.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/iran-contra-affair.html )〕
* 1991 - Nayirah testimony to rally U.S. public support to launch the Gulf War〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html )〕
* 2001 successful conspiracy by Al-Qaeda to destroy the World Trade Center
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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